Alec Douglas-Home
Alec Douglas-Home was born on July 2, 1903. See ranking, bio blurb, and everyone else born that day.
About Alec Douglas-Home
Alexander Frederick Douglas-Home, Baron Home of the Hirsel ( HEWM; 2 July 1903 – 9 October 1995), known as Lord Dunglass from 1918 to 1951 and the Earl of Home from 1951 to 1963, was a British statesman and Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1963 to 1964. He was the last prime minister to hold office while being a member of the House of Lords, before renouncing his peerage and taking up a seat in the House of Commons for the remainder of his premiership. His reputation, however, rests more on his seven years over two stints as Foreign Secretary than on his brief premiership. Alec Douglas-Home entered the House of Commons in 1931 and, within six years, became a parliamentary aide to Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, witnessing the government's efforts to maintain peace through appeasement prior to the outbreak of the Second World War. In 1940, he was diagnosed with spinal tuberculosis, which forced him to suspend his political activities for nearly two years. After recovering, he returned to politics, although he lost his parliamentary seat in the 1945 general election before regaining it in 1950. The following year, he succeeded to the earldom of Home upon the death of his father and consequently moved to the House of Lords. During the premierships of Winston Churchill, Anthony Eden, and Harold Macmillan, he held a number of senior offices, including Leader of the House of Lords and Foreign Secretary. As Foreign Secretary from 1960 to 1963, he supported the United States during the Cuban Missile Crisis and signed the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty on behalf of the United Kingdom in 1963. In October 1963, Macmillan was taken ill and resigned as prime minister. Home was chosen to succeed him. By the 1960s it had become generally considered unacceptable for a prime minister to sit in the House of Lords; Home renounced his earldom and successfully stood for election to the House of Commons. The manner of his appointment was controversial, and two of Macmillan's cabinet ministers refused to take office under him. He was criticised by the Labour Party as an aristocrat, out of touch with the problems of ordinary families, and he came over stiffly in television interviews, by contrast with the Labour leader, Harold Wilson. The Conservative Party, in power since 1951, had lost standing as a result of the Profumo affair, a 1963 sex scandal involving a defence minister, and at the time of Home's appointment as prime minister it seemed headed for heavy electoral defeat. Home's premiership was the second briefest of the twentieth century, lasting two days short of a year. Among the legislation passed under his government was the abolition of resale price maintenance, bringing costs down for the consumer against the interests of producers of food and other commodities. Following a narrow defeat in the general election of 1964, Douglas-Home resigned the leadership of his party, after having instituted a new and less secretive method of electing the party leader. From 1970 to 1974 he was in the cabinet of Edward Heath as Secretary of State at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office; this was an expanded version of the post of Foreign Secretary, which he had held a decade earlier. Following the defeat of the Heath government in 1974, he returned to the House of Lords as a life peer, and retired from front-line politics.